Types of Dog Skin Diseases and How to Manage Symptoms

Skin & CoatSymptomsMeongsiljang Veterinary Advisory Board

Dog skin diseases vary in symptoms and treatment depending on the cause, such as bacterial infections, fungal infections, allergies, or parasites. We’ve compiled a guide to identifying symptoms by type and knowing when to visit the vet, based on veterinary dermatology textbooks.

What Are the Types of Dog Skin Diseases?

Illustration of a dog scratching behind its ears

Dog skin diseases are conditions that cause inflammation or infection on the skin due to various causes such as bacteria, fungi, allergies, and parasites. Because symptoms and treatments vary significantly depending on the underlying cause, identifying the specific type is the most important step. If your dog is scratching more frequently than usual, has red skin, or is suddenly experiencing increased dandruff, these could be early signs of a skin condition. In particular, if your dog repeatedly scratches or licks the same area, it is best to visit a veterinarian promptly.

Overview of Skin Disease Types at a Glance

Based on veterinary dermatology textbooks, here is a summary of common skin conditions in dogs, categorized by type.

Type	Main Symptoms	Common Locations	Urgency
Superficial Pyoderma	Red rash, pus, yellow crusts	Belly, groin, armpits	Moderate
Deep Pyoderma	Severe swelling, bleeding, skin ulcers	Paws, chin, buttocks	High
Allergic Dermatitis	Severe itching, redness, ear inflammation	Paws, ears, around eyes	Moderate
Fungal Infection	Circular hair loss, dandruff, scaling	Face, ears, paws	Moderate
Demodicosis	Localized hair loss, dandruff, redness	Face, front legs	Moderate to High

Suspect a Skin Condition If You See These Symptoms

If your pet shows any of the following signs, they may have a skin condition.

Excessive scratching and licking: Repeatedly scratching or licking the same area can indicate skin irritation.

Skin redness and rash: Redness or small bumps on the skin may be early signs of a bacterial infection.

Hair loss and dandruff: Circular patches of hair loss accompanied by increased dandruff could suggest a fungal infection.

Pus and scabs: Yellow pus or scabs may indicate pyoderma.

Unusual skin odor: A foul or unusual smell could be a sign of bacterial or yeast infection.

Illustration of a puppy having its skin condition checked

Visit the Vet Immediately in These Cases

If your dog’s skin is swollen over a large area with pus draining, bleeding that won’t stop, or if they have a fever and seem lethargic, there may be a deep skin infection or systemic infection. These symptoms require urgent antibiotic treatment, so please visit a veterinary clinic immediately.

Why Do Dogs Get Skin Diseases?

According to veterinary dermatology textbooks, most dog skin conditions have an underlying cause. Primary skin infections are rare; more often, a secondary infection occurs because another disease has compromised the skin’s defenses.

Allergic dermatitis: This is the most common underlying cause. Dogs with atopic dermatitis are particularly susceptible to bacterial infections.

Hormonal disorders: Hypothyroidism and Cushing’s syndrome can weaken the skin’s immune defenses.

Parasites: Infestations with Demodex mites or sarcoptic mites can break down the skin barrier, creating an environment where bacteria can easily penetrate.

Superficial Pyoderma, the Most Common Skin Disease

Pyoderma literally means “a skin condition characterized by pus formation.” Among its types, superficial pyoderma is the most common skin disease in dogs. Bacterial infection of the skin surface or hair follicles leads to red rashes, small pustules (pus-filled bumps), yellow crusts, and circular hair loss. These lesions typically appear in skin folds such as the belly, groin, and armpits. After confirming the presence of bacteria through a skin examination, veterinarians treat the condition with antibiotic ointments or medicated shampoos. If the infection is widespread, oral antibiotics may also be prescribed. While improvement is usually seen within 3–4 weeks of treatment, recurrence is likely if the underlying cause is not addressed.

Illustration of a dog being bathed with medicated shampoo

Deep Pyoderma, Which Requires a Longer Treatment Period

Deep pyoderma occurs when bacteria penetrate beyond the epidermis into the deeper layers of the skin. It is significantly more severe than superficial pyoderma and requires a longer treatment period. According to veterinary dermatology textbooks, deep pyoderma rarely occurs in isolation; it is more commonly associated with chronic inflammatory conditions such as demodicosis. German Shepherds are known to be particularly predisposed to deep pyoderma, including conditions like perianal fistulas, due to breed-specific factors. Treatment for deep pyoderma requires systemic (oral) antibiotic therapy lasting several weeks. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate antibiotic after identifying the most effective option through bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Do not discontinue antibiotics prematurely, as this can lead to antibiotic resistance; always complete the full course of medication as directed by your veterinarian.

Certain Breeds Are More Susceptible to Skin Diseases

German Shepherds are prone to breed-specific conditions such as pyoderma and perianal fistulas. Breeds with abundant skin folds, like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shar-Peis, are susceptible to bacterial infections due to moisture buildup in the folds. West Highland White Terriers have a high incidence of atopic dermatitis. If you own any of these breeds, please check your pet's skin regularly.

Prevention and Management of Skin Diseases

Prevention and early detection are the most important aspects of managing skin conditions.

Regular bathing and grooming: Keep your pet’s skin clean, but be aware that bathing too frequently can weaken the skin barrier. The ideal bathing schedule varies depending on your dog’s skin condition, breed, and activity level, so it’s best to consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate frequency for your pet’s individual needs.

Skin fold care: For breeds with prominent skin folds, make sure to clean and thoroughly dry the areas between the folds.

Parasite prevention: Mites and external parasites can cause skin diseases, so regular administration of deworming medication is essential.

Skin condition checks: Develop the habit of checking for rashes, hair loss, or scabs during bath time. If you notice any abnormalities, seeking veterinary care early can lead to faster treatment and lower costs.

An illustration of a healthy puppy being brushed by its owner

Reviewed by a veterinarian

Dr. Tony — Punnawat Phongkittirak

Veterinarian

A veterinarian who majored in veterinary medicine at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, and completed the IVSA program at North Carolina State University in the United States. Drawing on clinical experience at animal hospitals, he works in the pet healthcare field and is dedicated to building a digital care environment that connects pet parents with veterinarians.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can my dog’s skin condition be transmitted to humans?

Dermatophyte (fungal) infections can be transmitted to humans. If you notice circular hair loss, avoid direct skin contact and have your pet examined at a veterinary clinic as soon as possible. Bacterial pyoderma is generally not easily transmitted to humans.

Is there a specific type of food that is good for skin diseases?

If allergic dermatitis is the cause, hypoallergenic or hydrolyzed protein diets may help. However, diet alone cannot cure skin conditions, so please consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and advice on whether a dietary change is appropriate.

My pet’s skin condition keeps coming back. Why is that?

Treating only the skin infection without addressing the underlying cause (such as allergies, hormonal disorders, or parasites) makes recurrence likely. Ask your veterinarian to perform tests to identify the root cause.

Can I apply disinfectant at home?

Applying human disinfectants or ointments indiscriminately can worsen skin irritation. Always use products specifically formulated for animals, and whenever possible, choose those prescribed by a veterinarian.

How much does it cost to treat a dog’s skin disease?

The cost varies depending on the type and severity of the skin condition. Mild superficial pyoderma can be managed with medicated shampoos and topical treatments, but costs may increase for deep pyoderma or if allergy testing is required. Please consult your veterinarian for an accurate cost estimate.