강아지 진행성 망막 위축(PRA) 자주 묻는 질문 Q&A — 보호자가 꼭 알아야 할 핵심

If Your Dog’s Night Vision Is Dimming — Signs and Diagnosis of Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Eye HealthQ&AMeongsiljang Veterinary Advisory Board

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in dogs is a genetic disease that causes gradual vision loss. Early detection and management are important.

What Is Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) in Dogs?

Structural changes in the eyes of dogs with progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) in dogs is a hereditary condition in which the gradual damage to photoreceptor cells leads to vision loss. In the early stages, dogs may exhibit unsteady gait in dim lighting and reduced night vision. As the disease progresses, they show diminished response to light and eyes that appear cloudy. PRA is common in certain breeds, and early detection is crucial for maintaining quality of life. Since it can lead to complete blindness, attentive care and management by owners are essential. Genetic testing can identify risk beforehand.

What Are the Main Causes of PRA?

Genetic factors: PRA is caused by various gene mutations and can be inherited in different ways, such as X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive. Certain breeds have a higher genetic risk, so it's important to check the genetic test results of the parents. Once the gene is passed on, the visual cells gradually break down, leading to a slow decline in vision. For early diagnosis, genetic testing is essential before adoption. This information can help assess the risk level for each breed.

An image of the gene that explains the genetic cause of PRA

What Are the Main Symptoms of PRA?

- Decreased night vision: Your pet may bump into things or walk unsteadily in dimly lit areas. - Reduced response to light: There is a noticeable decrease in blinking or squinting when exposed to bright light. - Blurred vision: The eyes may appear cloudy, and your pet may struggle to see objects clearly. - Behavioral changes: You might notice your pet suddenly missing familiar spots or having trouble locating toys. - Diminished startle response: Reactions to sudden noises or movements become slower. Carefully document these changes and consult your veterinarian.

Early signs of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in dogs

Signs Requiring Immediate Veterinary Visit

If your dog suddenly starts bumping into things in dim light or no longer reacts to light, consult your veterinarian immediately. These could be signs of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and it’s important to rule out other conditions.

How Is PRA Diagnosed?

- Ophthalmic Examination: Your veterinarian will directly observe structural changes in the retina. - Electroretinography (ERG): This test precisely evaluates the function of visual cells and is effective for early diagnosis. - Genetic Testing: Breed-specific testing can identify PRA gene mutations. - Regular Check-ups: Ophthalmic exams every six months enable early detection. - Interpreting Results: Your veterinarian will interpret the results in light of your pet’s breed and genetic background. Early diagnosis is the first step toward treatment and management.

Ophthalmic examination for diagnosing progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in dogs

What Are the Treatment Options for PRA?

- No cure available: While there is currently no cure for PRA, managing symptoms can significantly improve your dog's quality of life. - Environmental adjustments: Keep furniture in fixed positions, install stair nosings or ramps, and ensure adequate lighting. - Create a safe space: Designate a secure area where your dog can move around freely without obstacles. - Slowing progression: Products containing antioxidants are sometimes recommended to help slow the disease’s progression, but please note that they cannot prevent blindness itself. - Regular check-ups: Monitor your dog’s condition through periodic ophthalmic examinations. - Behavioral observation: Carefully record any changes in nighttime behavior and share them with your veterinarian. Keep an eye out for secondary cataracts, which may develop over time.

Creating a Safe Environment for Managing Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) in Dogs

Owner Checkpoints for PRA Prevention

- Genetic Testing: The most effective approach is to have the dog undergo breed-specific PRA genetic testing before adoption. - Environmental Safety: Secure furniture in place and install safety ramps or barriers on stairs. - Regular Check-ups: Schedule ophthalmic examinations every six months. - Behavioral Monitoring: Carefully document any changes in nighttime behavior and share these observations with your veterinarian. - Information Sharing: Share the adopted dog’s genetic risk profile with the pet guardian community. - Mental Preparedness: Acknowledge the possibility of blindness and prepare proactively to maintain and enhance your pet’s quality of life.

Checklist for Preventing Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) in Dogs

Caution for Certain Breeds

Samoyeds, Siberian Huskies, Labrador Retrievers, and Cardigan Welsh Corgis are among the breeds at higher risk for PRA. Before adopting, be sure to check the genetic test results of the puppy’s parents.

Reviewed by a veterinarian

Dr. Tony — Punnawat Phongkittirak

Veterinarian

A veterinarian who majored in veterinary medicine at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, and completed the IVSA program at North Carolina State University in the United States. Drawing on clinical experience at animal hospitals, he works in the pet healthcare field and is dedicated to building a digital care environment that connects pet parents with veterinarians.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is PRA curable?

Currently, there is no cure. However, early intervention and environmental management can help maintain your pet’s quality of life.

When is the best time to have a genetic test done?

Genetic testing analyzes DNA, so it can be performed at any age. It’s best to check for potential risks before adoption or during puppyhood. Fundus examinations can usually be done from 6 to 8 weeks of age, and the results are interpreted by a veterinarian in consideration of the dog’s breed and genetic background.

If my dog develops PRA, can I still raise it with other dogs?

Yes, it is possible. Even if your dog goes blind, their social skills and emotional well-being remain intact, and interacting with other dogs can actually help provide emotional stability.

Can PRA be transmitted to humans?

It is not contagious. It’s a hereditary condition, and since it has no connection to humans, you can rest assured.

What tests should be done if PRA is suspected?

An ophthalmologist can perform an electroretinogram (ERG) and genetic testing, which are the most accurate diagnostic methods. Please consult with your veterinarian to decide on the best course of action.

Comparison of PRA Genetic Testing Methods

Item	Accuracy	Cost	Time Required
DNA Analysis Test	Highest (directly confirms genetic mutation)	About $100	3–5 days
Electroretinography (ERG)	High (evaluates photoreceptor function)	About $60	1–2 hours
Ophthalmic Examination (Vision Assessment)	Supplementary (observes fundus changes)	About $20	Around 30 minutes

Genetic testing is the most accurate and is the most effective for early detection.

Top 5 Dog Tear Supplements Recommended for 2026

The Ultimate Guide to Managing Excessive Tearing and Tear Stains in Dogs: Top Recommendations and Selection Criteria

What is Lutein? Effects on Dog Eye Health

Feline Neurogenic Bladder FAQ — Key Information Every Pet Owner Should Know

Feline Hypertension and Proteinuria FAQ — Key Information for Pet Owners

Frequently Asked Questions About Feline Hydronephrosis — Key Points Pet Owners Must Know

Frequently Asked Questions About Hematuria in Cats — Key Points Pet Owners Must Know

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) FAQ — Key Information for Pet Owners

Frequently Asked Questions About Feline Idiopathic Cystitis — Key Information for Pet Owners

Frequently Asked Questions About Feline Dysuria (Straining to Urinate) — Key Points Every Pet Owner Should Know

References

[1] Clements PJ, Sargan DR, Gould DJ, Petersen-Jones SM. Recent advances in understanding the spectrum of canine generalised progressive retinal atrophy. J Small Anim Pract. 1996;37(4):155–162.

[2] Downs LM, Hitti R, Pregnolato S, Mellersh CS. Genetic screening for PRA-associated mutations in multiple dog breeds shows that PRA is heterogeneous within and between breeds. Vet Ophthalmol. 2014;17(2):126–130. doi:10.1111/vop.12122.

[3] Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, Côté E. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and the cat. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017.