Dog Malocclusion FAQ — Key Information Every Pet Owner Should Know

Oral HealthQ&AMeongsiljang Veterinary Advisory Board

Malocclusion in dogs is a condition where the teeth are misaligned, which can affect eating and oral health. Here’s a summary of key information every pet owner should know.

Malocclusion in Dogs Is a Condition Where the Teeth Are Misaligned

Malocclusion in dogs occurs when the upper and lower teeth are not properly aligned. This condition can stem from genetic factors or a mismatch between the size of the jaw and the teeth. Misaligned teeth can make it difficult for your dog to chew food properly or close their mouth completely. In severe cases, it can lead to tooth damage and pain, as well as make oral hygiene more challenging, increasing the risk of dental disease. Early detection and management significantly improve treatment outcomes, so regular dental check-ups are essential.

The Main Causes of Malocclusion Are Genetics and Growth

The primary causes of malocclusion in dogs are genetic factors and structural imbalances during growth. Certain breeds are more prone to misaligned teeth. In particular, when the size of the jaw doesn’t match the size of the teeth, the teeth may not develop properly, leading to misalignment. Dental trauma or conditions that interfere with normal mandibular growth can also occur, making early diagnosis and appropriate intervention essential. Therefore, close monitoring and consultation with a veterinarian during the growth period are necessary.

Check for the Main Signs of Malocclusion

The main signs of malocclusion in puppies include the following:

Difficulty eating: Your puppy may struggle to chew or eat less than usual.

Inability to close the mouth properly: The mouth may remain open or frequently open and close.

Severe bad breath: Food trapped between teeth can decay and cause odor.

Licking or scratching at the mouth: Discomfort or pain may lead to repeated licking around the mouth.

Frequent mouth opening: Misaligned jaws may prevent the mouth from closing naturally.

If these behaviors persist, please consult your veterinarian.

A puppy showing signs of discomfort while eating

If the Mouth Frequently Stays Open or Chewing Is Difficult, Visit the Vet Immediately

If your dog frequently keeps its mouth open or has trouble chewing food, it may indicate that a malocclusion has worsened. If left untreated, this can lead to tooth damage or oral infections. Please consult your veterinarian right away.

How Is Malocclusion Diagnosed?

Puppy malocclusion can be detected early through a veterinarian’s oral examination. In addition to a basic visual check, X-rays may be necessary to accurately assess the positioning of the jaw and teeth. Diagnosing the condition before your dog reaches adulthood allows for timely intervention aligned with their dental development. Early diagnosis significantly improves treatment success rates and helps prevent complications, which is why we recommend regular oral check-ups. However, since visual examinations while the dog is awake have limitations, more complex cases may require a thorough evaluation under anesthesia.

A veterinarian examining a puppy's mouth.

There Are Various Treatment Options for Malocclusion

Treatment for malocclusion varies depending on its severity.

Orthodontic appliances: Braces or other dental devices may be used to align the teeth.

Tooth extraction: Teeth that cause trauma or interfere with proper jaw growth may be removed.

Crown reduction and root canal therapy: The crown of the problematic tooth may be reduced in size, and root canal therapy may be performed to preserve the tooth.

Regular monitoring: Ongoing care includes regular check-ups to monitor dental health.

In particular, malocclusions that cause oral trauma or hinder mandibular growth should be treated early and actively. The veterinarian will determine the appropriate treatment based on the dog’s age, the severity of the malocclusion, and the overall condition.

A puppy wearing a dental orthodontic appliance

Comparison Table of Malocclusion Treatment Methods

Item	Suitable Timing	Effectiveness Level	Precautions
Use of Orthodontic Appliance	Infancy to adolescence	Moderate	An adaptation period is needed, and veterinary monitoring is required
Tooth Extraction	After adulthood or early if necessary	High	Accurate evaluation before surgery required
Surgical Correction	Severe cases, after adulthood	Very high	Consultation with a specialist veterinarian essential

Treatment methods vary depending on the dog's age, degree of malocclusion, and breed. Decide after consulting a veterinarian.

Be Careful to Prevent Food from Getting Trapped While Wearing Orthodontic Appliances

While your pet is wearing the brace, be careful to prevent food from getting trapped between the teeth, as leftover food can decay and lead to oral infections. Clean the area daily and follow the feeding methods recommended by your veterinarian.

Reviewed by a veterinarian

Dr. Tony — Punnawat Phongkittirak

Veterinarian

A veterinarian who majored in veterinary medicine at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, and completed the IVSA program at North Carolina State University in the United States. Drawing on clinical experience at animal hospitals, he works in the pet healthcare field and is dedicated to building a digital care environment that connects pet parents with veterinarians.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can malocclusion be genetic?

Yes, most cases of malocclusion, especially those related to jaw length, have a genetic predisposition. They can result from inbreeding aimed at achieving a specific head shape or from breeding parents with mismatched jaw lengths, and they are commonly seen in certain breeds, such as the Shetland Sheepdog.

Does malocclusion always require treatment?

Not every case requires treatment. However, if your pet is having difficulty eating, showing signs of pain, or experiencing issues with jaw development, you should consult your veterinarian to discuss potential treatment options.

Will wearing a brace be uncomfortable for my dog?

At first, your pet may need some time to adjust. However, most pets adapt well when the treatment is customized by a veterinarian and introduced gradually.

Does malocclusion improve naturally as pets age?

No, malocclusion does not resolve on its own as your pet ages. In fact, if early and appropriate intervention is not provided—especially when oral trauma or impaired jaw growth is involved—the condition may worsen.

What kind of diet should a dog with malocclusion have?

We recommend soft or jelly-type food. It puts less strain on the teeth, and you should be careful to prevent food from getting stuck between them. It's important to follow the feeding method recommended by your veterinarian.