What is Meloxicam (Metacam)? — Key Summary of Effects and Side Effects in Dogs

JointQ&AMeongsiljang Veterinary Advisory Board

We’ll explain the effects, proper use, side effects, and precautions of meloxicam (Metacam), the most commonly used medication for pain relief in dogs with arthritis or after surgery.

What is Meloxicam (Metacam)?

A veterinarian preparing oral pain medication, with a Golden Retriever nearby.

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that helps reduce pain and inflammation in dogs with arthritis or after surgery. In Korea, it is most commonly known by the brand name Metacam. According to veterinary pharmacology textbooks, NSAIDs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes involved in the inflammatory process, thereby alleviating pain and swelling. However, all NSAIDs also reduce the production of prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining, which can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers or kidney damage. Therefore, it is essential to use meloxicam strictly under veterinary guidance and closely monitor for any side effects. If you are looking for ways to support your dog’s joint health, check out our Dog Arthritis Management Guide.

When is it Prescribed?

Meloxicam is primarily used in three situations. First, for chronic pain conditions such as arthritis and patellar luxation. Second, for pain management after procedures like neutering, dental treatments, and orthopedic surgeries. Third, it may be prescribed short-term for acute inflammation, such as intervertebral disc disease or soft tissue injuries. In dogs, the typical dosing starts with an initial single dose of 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.1 mg/kg. However, the exact dosage should always be determined by a veterinarian based on the dog’s weight and overall condition.

Meloxicam vs. Other Painkillers: A Comparison

Item	Meloxicam (Metacam)	Carprofen	Tramadol
Classification	NSAID (COX-2 preferential)	NSAID	Opioid analgesic
Main use	Arthritis/Post-surgery	Arthritis/Post-surgery	Neuropathic pain/Cancer pain
Dosing interval	Once daily	1–2 times daily	2–3 times daily
Gastrointestinal burden	Low	Low	Almost none
Long-term use	Possible (monitoring required)	Possible (monitoring required)	Caution for tolerance

All medications must be used under veterinary prescription.

When Do the Effects Begin?

The medication begins to take effect relatively quickly after oral administration, with its effects lasting for 24 hours. Therefore, consistent pain management can be achieved with just one daily dose. Immediately after surgery, it is often administered via subcutaneous injection (SC), followed by oral liquid at home. For chronic pain conditions like arthritis, consistent administration is necessary to experience significant relief. Be cautious not to discontinue the medication arbitrarily, as inflammation may return.

A dog resting comfortably after taking pain medication

Dogs That Should Never Receive This Medication

Meloxicam is contraindicated in the following situations: kidney or liver disease, severe dehydration, a history of gastric ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding, blood clotting disorders, pregnancy or lactation, and in puppies under four months of age. Additionally, combining meloxicam with steroids (such as prednisolone) significantly increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. It must never be used concurrently with other NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen or aspirin).

Side Effect Signal Checklist

Meloxicam is generally safe, but some dogs may experience side effects. If you notice any of the following signs while your dog is taking the medication, stop administering it immediately and contact your veterinarian. - Vomiting or diarrhea: The most common signs of gastrointestinal irritation - Blood in stool or black, tarry stools: Possible indication of gastrointestinal bleeding - Decreased appetite: An early sign of potential liver or kidney stress - Lethargy or reduced activity: May indicate a systemic issue - Changes in water intake or urine output: Possible sign of impaired kidney function - Changes in gum color: Pale gums may indicate anemia

A guardian checking their dog's health status

Proper Administration and Storage Methods

Meloxicam oral solution should be given with food or after meals to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. Use the provided syringe to measure the exact dose and administer it slowly along the side of the mouth. Giving it on an empty stomach increases the risk of vomiting. Store at room temperature (15–25°C) away from direct sunlight, and use within six months of opening. If a dose is missed, give it as soon as you remember, but skip it if the next dose is due soon. Never give two doses at once.

Essential Tests for Long-Term Use

Dogs taking meloxicam long-term (for more than one month) for arthritis should have regular blood tests (liver and kidney values) and urinalysis. It is advisable to perform baseline testing (including medical history, physical examination, liver and kidney values, etc.) before starting treatment. After initiating therapy, reevaluate for adverse reactions at 5–7 days and again at 2–4 weeks, and continue with periodic repeat testing thereafter. Senior dogs or those with compromised kidney function require more frequent monitoring for safety. Based on test results, dosage adjustments or medication changes may be considered.

Reviewed by a veterinarian

Dr. Tony — Punnawat Phongkittirak

Veterinarian

A veterinarian who majored in veterinary medicine at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, and completed the IVSA program at North Carolina State University in the United States. Drawing on clinical experience at animal hospitals, he works in the pet healthcare field and is dedicated to building a digital care environment that connects pet parents with veterinarians.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I give my dog human meloxicam (such as Mobic)?

Absolutely not. Human formulations have different concentrations and excipients, which significantly increases the risk of overdose and toxicity. You must only use veterinary-specific products (such as Metacam) exactly as prescribed by your veterinarian.

Can I give it to my pet along with a joint supplement?

The safety and potential dose-reducing effects of combining meloxicam with supplements such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids are not clearly established in veterinary textbooks, so you must consult your veterinarian before deciding whether to use them together. However, you must always avoid combining meloxicam with other NSAIDs or steroids.

Can this be used for cats as well?

They can be used, but cats require much stricter management than dogs. According to veterinary textbooks, cats are more sensitive to NSAIDs than dogs, so side effects can occur even at lower doses. In particular, meloxicam carries a black box warning that repeated use in cats can lead to acute kidney failure and death. Therefore, in cats, NSAIDs should be used cautiously, at the lowest possible dose and for the shortest duration, under veterinary supervision.

Is it okay for my pet to drink plenty of water after taking medication?

A temporary increase in water intake may not be a major concern, but if urine output also increases or the behavior persists for several days, it could signal kidney strain. Consult your veterinarian and consider having blood work done.

How many days after surgery should I continue giving it?

The typical course of treatment is 3 to 7 days. If pain persists, do not stop the medication on your own; instead, consult your veterinarian to determine whether the treatment should be extended. Conversely, even if symptoms improve, it is important to complete the full prescribed course to help prevent inflammation from recurring.